Differential gene expression refers to the process in which certain genes are turned on or off in different cells or tissues, leading to the production of distinct proteins and ultimately resulting in diverse cellular functions. It plays a crucial role in the development and differentiation of various organisms, as well as in response to environmental changes. Cells can acquire specialized functions and adapt to their surroundings through differential gene expression. This process is tightly regulated and involves complex molecular mechanisms, such as transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modifications, and epigenetic modifications. By understanding the patterns of differential gene expression, scientists can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, and develop personalized medicine approaches.

Differential Gene Expression